近惯性内波能量源汇论文设计.docx

第一章 引言 1.1 研究背景及意义 1.1.1 近惯性内波 表面重力波是一种常见的海洋现象。原本静止不动的海面因为变形感觉到重力的回复力，并以行进表面波的形式散开。稳定分层的海洋可以以类似地形式在海洋内部产生重力波，这些重力波称为内重力波或简称为内波。由于回复力的降低，与表面重力波相比，它们具有更大的振幅，能够导致海洋内部的等密度线震荡数十米或数百米（ADDIN CSL_CITATION {citationItems:[{id:ITEM-1,itemData:{DOI:10.1146/annurev.fl.11.010179.002011,author:[{dropping-particle:,family:Garrett,given:C,non-dropping-particle:,parse-names:false,suffix:},{dropping-particle:,family:Munk,given:W,non-dropping-particle:,parse-names:false,suffix:}],container-title:Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,id:ITEM-1,issue:1,issued:{date-parts:[[1979]]},page:339-369,title:Internal Waves in the Ocean,type:article-journal,volume:11},uris:[/documents/?uuid=0de7f345-d898-4dd9-b017-6cb8a267ae68]}],mendeley:{formattedCitation:(Garrett and Munk 1979),manualFormatting:Garrett 和 Munk, 1979,plainTextFormattedCitation:(Garrett and Munk 1979),previouslyFormattedCitation:(Garrett and Munk 1979)},properties:{noteIndex:0},schema:/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json}Garrett 和 Munk, 1979）。 内波的频率范围从科里奥利频率（也称为惯性频率）到浮力频率。在频率附近，流体运动接近于水平，科氏力占主导。相反地，在附近，运动接近于垂直方向，浮力提供了主要的回复力。观测数据表明洋流在之间有连续的频谱，且在惯性频率以及潮汐的主要分量的频率附近具有明显的频谱峰值（图1.1）。其中，惯性频率附近峰值的运动即对应于近惯性内波（NIW），而潮汐的主要分量附近峰值的运动则是内潮。 在上层海洋，一半以上的内波能量都集中在惯性频率附近，即存在于近惯性内波中（ADDIN CSL_CITATION {citationItems:[{id:ITEM-1,itemData:{DOI:10.1175/JPO3106.1,abstract: Abstract Temporal and spatial patterns of near-inertial kinetic energy (KEmoor) are investigated in a database of 2480 globally distributed, moored current-meter records (deployed on 690 separate moorings) and compared with the distribution of wind-forced mixed-layer energy flux FML. By computing KEmoor using short (30 day) multitaper spectral windows, the seasonal cycle is resolved. Clear winter enhancement by a factor of 4–5 is seen in the Northern Hemisphere for latitudes 25°–45° at all depths 4500 m, in close agreement with the magnitude, phase, and latitudinal dependence of the seasonal cycle of FML. In the Southern Hemisphere, data coverage is poorer, but a wea