北师大版必修一课件：Unit 3 Section Ⅴ　Grammar & Writing.ppt

Section Ⅴ　Grammar & Writing;1．The dishes were washed. 2．These trees were planted to protect the environment. 3．The red coats in this shop were sold out yesterday. 4．Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. [规律精点] 以上四个例句说明了需要使用被动语态的四种情况。 1．句1意为：盘子被洗了 。句子的目的在于交代盘子被洗了的事实，并不需要了解wash这个动作的具体执行人。在同样情况下，不知道并且也不需要知道动作的具体执行者时需要使用_________。 如：Football is played all over the world.;2．句2意为：这些树被种???来保护环境。在此句中执行plant 这个动作的很明显是人，在这种动作执行者显而易见的情况下，也需要使用_________，但不必写出动作的执行者。 如：Our classroom is cleaned every day. 3．句3意为：这家店的红色外套昨天卖光了。此句的重点在于 sell out 这个动作，而不是在于这个动作具体由谁执行。此种情况属于动作本身比动作的_________更加重要，或者不想也不需要指出是谁做出这个动作，需要使用被动语态。 如：The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. 4．句4意为：一定要注意机器的工作温度。句子的内容与表达属于一种较为正式的报道形式，在书面语，特别在科技报告、报刊文章中，被动语态比主动语态更为正式。 如：A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics.;[点津] 不及物动词或动词短语(happen，last，take place，belong to等)和系动词(feel，smell，look，sound等)不用于被动语态。;一、被动语态的构成 动词的被动语态也可以有多种时态，具体见下表：;①The boy is often heard to play the piano.(一般现在时) 人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。 ②She was seen to enter the hall.(一般过去时) 有人看见她进了大厅。 ③A new house will be built by us next year.(一般将来时) 明年我们要建一栋新房子。 ④The problem is being discussed at the meeting.(现在进行时) 会议上正在讨论这个问题。;⑤A meeting was being held when I was there.(过去进行时) 我到那儿时，正在开会。 ⑥All these flowers have been watered.(现在完成时) 这些花都浇过了。 ⑦The building had been completed before I arrived.(过去完成时) 在我去之前那座建筑就已竣工了。 ⑧These books may be kept for two weeks.(含情态动词) 这些书可以借两周。;[点津] 被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get＋过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。 ⑨She got hurt on her way back home. 她在回家的路上受伤了。 ⑩Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有一些玻璃杯被打碎了。;二、特殊结构的被动语态 1．We were given some beautiful stamps by the foreign friends. 2．The flower should be watered every day. 3．The baby is too small，so he must be taken good care of. 4．Please hurry up and get(be) dressed. 5．The cloth washes easily. 6．The floor requires mopping at once.; [规律精点] 1．句1为带双宾语的被动语态。其主动结构为：The foreign friends gave us some beautiful stamps.此句还可替换为：Some beautiful stamps