视觉时代的权力景象——福柯围观权力的分析角度.pdf

摘 要 如今,电视、电影、舞台表演、巨幅广告画、城市设计等已经成为我们生 活世界的习以为常的视觉存在,我们前所 未有地体会到这种被多种多样的视觉 符号所包围的感觉。 据此, 有学者论道, 人类社会已经进入“ 视觉时代” 或者“ 读 图时代”, 人类的文化倾向已经在悄然之间发生了由语言思维主导的语言文化向 视觉思维主导的视觉文化的转变。 本文通过对人类文明史中视觉变迁与文化变迁之间关系的梳理,并借助于 关于文化转向的理论思辨,在论述中为这种假设提供论据进行佐证。 诞生于后现代语境中的福柯的权力学说,更强调权力运作的弥散性、隐蔽 性和生产性,为我们认识当代文化的视觉 转向提供了重要理论依据。本文的理 论依据也正是基于此。其中,福柯反复强 调的身体成为文化权力分析的一个视 角。 借助于福柯的权力分析方法和理论, 本文从“ 观者?审美” 、 “ 被观者?身体” 和“ 意义生产的编码与解码” 三个角度展?对文化的权力分析。本文认为,在视 觉时代,视觉审美已呈现空虚化倾向;作 为观者的身体在看或凝视的过程中被 权力话语所建构;信息生产更多的是彰显符号权力的表征实践。 关键词 : 文化转向;福柯;权力?知识。 Abstract Nowadays, television, movies, stage performances, giant posters, urban designs have become accustomed to a visual presence in our lifeworld, and we never have a feeling of being besieged by a variety of visual symbols. Accordingly, some scholars make a conclusion that the human society has entered a "visual age" or "map-reading times", and the cultural orientation of human beings has changed quietly, from the type determined by lingual thinking to the one by visual thinking Based on a combing to the relationship between visual context and culture in the history of human civilization, the article provides arguments to the hypothesis mentioned above, adding to the theoretical thinking about the culture transitionBorn in the postmodern context, Foucault's power theory emphasis more on how the power operates: concretely, implicitly and productively, providing an important theoretical foundation for our understanding of the shift of the contemporary visual culture. The body, which Foucault repeatedly emphasized, becomes a special perspective in the analyzing of the cultureWith help of the method and theory of Foucault's power analysis, this article analyzes the power rooted in the culture from the "the watcher - the aesthetic", "the audience - the body" and "the producing of meaning - encoding and decoding". This paper is concluded by the following views: visual aesthetics tendency has turned void; watchers’ bodies are constructed by the disc