感悟中学英语语法it系列用法.docVIP

感悟中学英语语法it系列用法 　　1.实义的it 　　 　　实义的it用来指代具体的内容。 　　 　　1.1指代上文提过的生物或非生物,复数形式为they。例如: 　　The earth is the planet that we live on.It is the fifth largest planet of the solar system. 　　This car is not fast enough.It can only do 60 miles an hour. 　　John is in the shool football team.It was reorganized last year. 　　“Where is the cat?”“It is in the garden.” 　　“Where are the cats?”“They are in the garden.” 　　 　　1.2指代上文提过的性别不明或无须指明性别的小孩。例如: 　　To feed a child without also educating it is a fault in the father. 　　What’s matter with the baby?It has been crying. 　　Her baby is due next month.She hopes it will be boy. 　　 　　1.3作主语时指代上文提过的人,后跟系表结构,用以指明该人的身份。例如: 　　“Who is that at the door?”“It’s the postman.” 　　The footsteps drew nearer and she saw from behing the curtain who her visitor was.And shi opened the door to welcome her.It was Maria Cragg.(文中的主人已知客人是谁,所以在使用It之前就使用了her,但读者依然不明白,所以最后用It作主语,后跟系表结构,指明该人的身份。) 　　 　　1.4作主语,指代谓语部分所说明的自然现象(如:风、雨、热、冷)、季节、时间、距离、环境等。例如: 　　It was raining hard when he got off the train. 　　Is it very cold in your country in December? 　　It was high time(that)we had a rest. 　　It was early spring/1986 when we first met. 　　It is six months since he lost his job. 　　It won’t be long before we meet again. 　　It is only two hours’ ride/eighty miles to Cleveland. 　　It is very dark/pretty/crowded/noisy/dirty in the room. 　　 　　1.5指代上下文或一定语境所表明的情况、事件等。例如: 　　“I’m trying to change my job.”“You’ll find it difficult.”(it指调换工作这件事。) 　　“I’ll have to work all night through.”“It is awful.”(it指你彻夜工作这件事。) 　　You’ll be in trouble before you know it.(it指你陷入困境这件事。) 　　English is very important,and we all know it.(it指英语的重要性。) 　　When the factory closes,it will mean 500 redundancies.(it指工厂倒闭这件事。有些学者把此处及以下四个句子中it解释为形式主语或形式宾语,但却无法解释没有真正的主语/宾语何来形式主语/宾语。) 　　I’d appreciate it if you could help me with the work.(it指你帮助我工作这件事。) 　　I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.(it指人们边吃东西边讲话这一情况。) 　　He likes it when Mary is with him.(it指Mary的陪伴。) 　　It is