accap3知识点总结计划.docx

精品文档 精品文档 PAGE PAGE7 精品文档 PAGE PESTELanalysis isbasedonpolitical,economic,social-cultural,technological environmentaland legal.Itdescribesaframeworkofmacro-environmentalfactors usedinthe environmentalscanning componentof strategicmanagement. Political factorsarebasicallyhowthe government intervenesintheeconomy. Specifically,politicalfactorshasareasincluding taxpolicy, labour law, environmentallaw, traderestrictions, tariffs,andpolitical stability. Economic factorsinclude economicgrowth, interestrates, exchangerates, the inflationrate.Thesefactorsgreatlyaffecthowbusinessesoperateandmake decisions.(Interestratesimpactscompanyscostofcapital,businessgrowthand expands.Exchangerateimpactsthecost,supplyandpriceofimportedgoods.) Social factors include thecultural aspects and health consciousness,population growthrate,agedistribution,careerattitudesandemphasisonsafety. Technological factorsincludetechnologicalaspects like RD activity, automation,technologyincentivesandtherate oftechnological change. Thesecandetermine barriers toentry,minimumefficient production level andinfluence the outsourcing decisions. Technologicalshifts wouldaffectcosts,quality,andleadto innovation. Legal factorsinclude discriminationlaw, consumerlaw, antitrust law, employmentlaw,and healthandsafetylaw.Thesefactorscanaffecthowa companyoperates,itscosts,andthedemandforitsproducts. Environmental factors include ecologicalandenvironmental aspects suchasweather, climate,andclimatechange, which mayespecially affect industries suchastourism, farming,andinsurance. Porters five forces analysis isaframework for analyzing thelevel ofcompetition withinanindustryandbusinessstrategydevelopment. Threat of newentrants :The existence of barriers to entry (patents, rights, etc.). Governmentdisadvantagesindependentof of ofproduct costsorsunk to loyaltytoestablished profitability(themoreprofitabletheindustrythemore attractiveitwillbetonewcompetitors).Networkeffect. Threat of substitutes :Buyer propensity toprice performa