希尔-国际商务-第一章.ppt

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InternationalBusiness9eByCharlesW.L.HillMcGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright?2013byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.

Chapter1Globalization

WhatIsGlobalization?Globalization-theshifttowardamoreintegratedandinterdependentworldeconomyTheworldismovingawayfromself-containednationaleconomiestowardaninterdependent,integratedglobaleconomicsystem

WhatIsThe

GlobalizationofMarkets?HistoricallydistinctandseparatenationalmarketsaremergingItnolongermakessensetotalkaboutthe“Germanmarket”orthe“Americanmarket”Instead,thereisthe“globalmarket”fallingtradebarriersmakeiteasiertosellgloballyconsumers’tastesandpreferencesareconvergingonsomeglobalnormfirmspromotethetrendbyofferingthesamebasicproductsworldwide

WhatIsThe

GlobalizationofMarkets?Firmsofallsizesbenefitandcontributetotheglobalizationofmarkets97%ofallU.S.exportershavelessthan500employees98%ofallsmallandmid-sizedGermancompaniesparticipateininternationalmarkets

WhatIsThe

GlobalizationofProduction?Firmssourcegoodsandservicesfromlocationsaroundtheglobetocapitalizeonnationaldifferencesinthecostandqualityoffactorsofproductionlikeland,labor,energy,andcapitalCompaniescanlowertheiroverallcoststructureimprovethequalityorfunctionalityoftheirproductoffering

WhyDoWeNeed

GlobalInstitutions?Globalinstitutionshelpmanage,regulate,andpolicetheglobalmarketplacepromotetheestablishmentofmultinationaltreatiestogoverntheglobalbusinesssystem

WhyDoWeNeed

GlobalInstitutions?ExamplesincludetheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)theInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)theWorldBanktheUnitedNations(UN)theG20

WhatDoGlobal

InstitutionsDo?TheWorldTradeOrganization(likeitspredecessorGATT)policestheworldtradingsystemmakessurethatnation-statesadheretotheruleslaiddownin

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