细胞器与疾病.pptxVIP

NucleusThe nucleus is a membrane bound structure that contains the cell's hereditary information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction. It is commonly the most prominent organelle in the cellNuclear MembranesThe nuclear content is located in the nuclear lumen and is surrounded by a double membrane or nuclear envelope, composed of inner membrane and outer membrane.The outer membrane is contiguous with the ERThe nuclear membrane contains nuclear pores, which provide selective access into and out of the nuclear lumenThe inner membrane has a protein lining called the nuclear lamina, which binds to chromatin and other nuclear components. The Nuclear Pore Complexes form a continuous aqueous channel between cytoplasm & nucleoplasm - nuclear pore complex is large –about 120 million Daltons-30 different proteins found in pore; basic subunit repeated 16 times. “Central granule" now called "transporter" functions to move molecules through pore. There is a ring of proteins that anchors pore to N.E. and the "basket" of fibers with unknown function no obvious motor proteins were found The NucleolusThe region of the nucleus where portions of chromosomes that contain genes coding for ribosomal RNA are transcribed and ribosomal subunits are assembledStretch of DNA with rRNA genes nucleolar organizing region = (NOR) Ribosomal proteins are synthesized in cytoplasm and transported into the nucleusThese proteins self associate with appropriate rRNA during rRNA synthesis forming immature ribosomal subunitsRibosomes finish self assembly in cytoplasm /library/weekly/aa032300a.htmEndoplasmic Reticulum激光共聚焦显微镜下的ERKEDLR-GFPThe Endoplasmin Reticulum (ER) is an extensive, extra-nuclear membrane system with the following functions:ER is a home for various enzymes involved in protein folding , drug detoxification, membrane lipid biosynthesis, cholesterol and fatty acid metabolismER is an entry point for protein sorting. Targeting of these proteins is mediated by signal sequence. The