英美文学选读教案.doc

Part One?? English Literature 第一部分: 英国文学 An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature (450—1066) 一. Definitions of Literary Terms(名词解释与文学术语) 1. Couplet 对句 ( 指两行尾韵相谐的诗句 ) A couplet is two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme. The couplet composed of two iambic pentameter lines (五音步抑扬格诗行)—more commonly known as the heroic couplet ( 英雄偶句诗 )—--is the most favored form. 2. Elegy哀歌、挽歌 A poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual. It may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation on the nature of death. An elegy is a type of lyric poem, usually formal in language and structure. 3. Epic 史诗 An epic is a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. 4. Exodus 《出埃及记》 The second book of the Old Testament, containing an account of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt under the leadership of Moses. 5. Genesis A 《创世纪》 The first book of the Old Testament. It gives an account of the Creation of the world, the Fall, the Flood, the origins of the Hebrews. 6. John Dryden?约翰?德莱顿( 1631~1700 ) English poet and dramatist, also considered the father of English literary criticism. Dryden's career began around the time of the Restoration (1660,?王政复辟 ). He became the Poet Laureate ?( 桂冠诗人 ) in 1668. 7. Homer 荷马 Greek epic poet, probably of the 8th century BC, to whom are ascribed the Iliad ( 《伊利亚特》 ) and Odyssey (《奥德赛》). Nothing is known about his life, nor even of the genesis of the poems. 8. Iambic pentameter 五音步抑扬格诗 英诗的韵律主要包括两方面的内容: 1) 每个音步中轻重音节的排列形式, 即格律。 抑扬格指每一音步中含有一个轻音和一个重音; 2) 这种排列形式在一个诗行中出现的次数, 也就是每行内所含有的音步数目。下面以教材中Thomas Gray的Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard为例, 诗歌第一行如下: ????? \???? / ┃\?? /?┃ \??? /?? ┃ \?? /┃\??? / The ?curfew ?tolls?the ?knell ?of ?parting ?day ? ( \ 表示 “抑”, 即轻读的音节,?/ 表示 “扬”, 即重读的音节; ┃表示音步的分布情况 )